They've Been Wrong About Segregation For Decades Now

Damned Diversity
Friday, July 13, 2007
When an academic "discovers" what ordinary mortals have known for eons, it's called science. Harvard political scientist Robert Putnam has found that diversity is not a strength, but a weakness; the greater the diversity in a community, the greater the distrust. Prof. Putnam's five-year study was reported last year by the Financial Times, and is finally percolating down to others in the media and across the blogosphere.
In diverse communities, Putnam observed, people "hunker down": they withdraw, have fewer "friends and confidants," distrust their neighbors regardless of the color of their skin, expect the worst from local leaders, volunteer and carpool less, give less to charity, and "agitate for social reform more," with little hope of success. They also huddle in front of the television. Activism alternates with escapism, unhappiness with ennui.
Trust was lowest in Los Angeles, "the most diverse human habitation in human history," a finding the "progressive" Putnam, who hangs out at Harvard, found perplexing. Almost as predictable is the manner in which these straightforward, sad findings are being misconstrued by puzzled pundits or pressure groups accustomed to maligning You Know Who. The Commission for Racial Equality hasn't heard a word Putnam has said. "Separateness is becoming more entrenched in parts of our society," they warned ominously, in response, and hastened to rededicate themselves to "encouraging people from different communities to meet and understand one another." Putnam, of course, said nothing about misunderstanding or roiling conflict. Diversity triggered not racial hostility but "anomie or social isolation," as he put it.
Writing for City Journal about the sad settings Putnam excavated statistically, John Leo also introduced an error: "Social psychologists have long favored the optimistic hypothesis that contact between different ethnic and racial groups increases tolerance…." Putnam said nothing about intolerance. If anything, he makes it abundantly clear that he found no evidence of "bad race relations, or ethnically defined group hostility." Rather, diversity generates withdrawal and isolation. The thousands surveyed were not intolerant, bigoted, or even hostile; they were merely miserable. This is mass depression, the kind associated with loss, quiet resignation, and hopelessness.
Formulaically, other perplexed pundits fingered multiculturalism and the failure to assimilate. Again, this is not what Putnam has unraveled. Not a word did he say about whether newcomers in the 41 localities studied across the US fly Old Glory, recite the Pledge of Allegiance, or are proficient in English—or whether these mattered at all. He merely examined the impact on trust and sociability of racial and ethnic diversity, only to find that it messes equally with men, women, conservatives, liberals, rich and poor alike. (He does concede that "the impact of diversity is definitely greater among whites," but, predictably, fails to dignify the finding.) There is nothing in Putnam's research to implicate assimilation or lack thereof.
Like all social scientists living in symbiosis with statists, Putnam doesn't confine himself to observations; he offers recommendations. Having aligned himself with central planners intent on sustaining such social engineering, Putnam concludes the factual gloom-and-doom with a stern pep talk. Take the lumps of diversity without complaining! Mass immigration and the attendant diversity are, overall, good for the collective. (Didn't he just spend five years demonstrating the opposite?)
To sum, a scientist-cum-policy wonk "uncovers" patterns of co-existence among human beings that are as old as the hills. Greater diversity equals more misery. Does he respect these age-old peaceful preferences? No. Instead, with all the sympathy of a social planner, he reaffirms the glories of forced integration, and recommends dismantling old identities and constructing new, "shared" ones. Putnam pelts the many thousands of miserable individuals he interviewed with utilitarian platitudes: cheap Tyson chicken and colorful cuisine will, in time, ameliorate their misery.